![]() ![]() For further information, see Repeated references. When it is necessary to repeat a reference, a new footnote should be inserted. In resolutions, an item is referenced once only, the first time that it is mentioned, whether in the preamble or the operative part. When it is necessary to repeat a reference in documents and publications, a shortened reference may be used. ![]() Once an item has been referenced, whether in a footnote or text note, the reference should be repeated only when necessary for the sake of clarity or to change a specific element in the reference, such as a section or paragraph number. Commonly known or easily verifiable facts do not require a source note. When it is necessary to include a footnote to an item in a boxed summary, the footnote is indicated by a lower-case letter and placed within the box.Īuthors are reminded that they should cite only sources that are strictly relevant and necessary. Footnotes are not given for items in a boxed summary at the beginning of a document if the items can be referenced in the main body of the text. For additional information, see Footnote indicators/Footnotes indicated by lower-case letters and Footnotes indicated by asterisks and other symbols.įootnotes in boxed summaries. Footnotes to items in a boxed text contained in a document or publication are normally placed within the box.įootnotes indicated by asterisks and other symbols are placed above footnotes indicated by numbers and lower-case letters when they appear at the bottom of the same page. Footnotes to figures and tables are placed directly below the figure or table (see Tables/Notes to tables). Within a document, the approach (either footnotes or text notes) should be consistent and logical.įootnotes to items in the text are placed at the bottom of the page. Note: Whether sources are cited in footnotes, text notes or directly in the text, information provided in one format should not be repeated in the other formats (see also Excessive referencingbelow). In masthead documents, United Nations publications and reports issued as supplements to the Official Records, references to masthead documents, including summary records and verbatim records, and to supplements, newspaper articles, public statements, interviews, personal communications and material on a website may be given in footnotes, text notes or directly in the text, as appropriate. Working papers and research reports in a published seriesįootnotes, text notes or references directly in the text.Books, periodicals and articles contained therein.Documents and publications issued by other organizations and by Governments.Advisory opinions, judgments and orders of the International Court of Justice.In masthead documents, United Nations publications and reports issued as supplements to the Official Records, footnotes may be used to cite the following sources: In resolutions and decisions, all sources are cited in footnotes. When to use footnotes and text notes (in-line citations)įootnotes. General instructions on footnotes and text notesĪ. Editorial Manual | Footnotes and other references II. ![]()
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